Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2ICE) propose an alternative way to decarbonize heavy-duty vehicles, in opposition to the increasingly popular electric vehicles, with sales expected to grow in the coming years in North America. However, there are still barriers to scaling the market, including a higher overall total cost of ownership (TCO) compared to conventional ICE and the falling cost of FCEV infrastructure, fuel costs and policy. This panel discussion will assess these factors and provide an outlook into the H2ICE market.